Abstract
Aqueous miscible organic layered double hydroxides (AMO-LDHs) can act as organophilic inorganic flame retardant nanofillers for unmodified non-polar polymers. In this contribution, AMO [Mg3Al(OH)8](CO3)0.5·yH2O LDH–oxidized carbon nanotube (AMO-LDH–OCNT) hybrids are shown to perform better than the equivalent pure AMO-LDH. A synergistic effect between the AMO-LDH and OCNT was observed; this endows the hybrid material with enhanced flame retardancy, thermal stability, and mechanical properties. The thermal stability of polypropylene (PP) was significantly enhanced by adding AMO-LDH–OCNT hybrids. For PP mixed with AMO-LDH–OCNT hybrids to produce a composite with 10 wt% LDH and 2 wt% OCNT, the 50% weight loss temperature was increased by 43 °C. Further, a system with 10 wt% of AMO-LDH and 1 wt% OCNT showed a peak heat release rate (PHRR) reduction of 40%, greater than the PHRR reduction with PP/20 wt% AMO-LDH (31%). The degree of dispersion (mixability) between AMO-LDH and OCNT has a significant effect on the flame retardant performance of the hybrids. In addition, the incorporation of AMO-LDH–OCNT hybrids led to better mechanical properties, such as higher tensile strength (27.5 MPa) and elongation at break (17.9%), than those composites containing only AMO-LDH (25.6 MPa and 7.5%, respectively).
Highlights
Aqueous miscible organic layered double hydroxides (AMO-LDHs) can act as organophilic inorganic flame retardant nanofillers for unmodified non-polar polymers
The characteristic reflections of the oxidized CNT (OCNT) are identical to those reported for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) samples, suggesting the long–range structure of the CNTs has not changed as a result of oxidation
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses showed that the AMO-LDH particles were attached to the surface of the OCNTs, which can readily disperse in PP to give a homogeneous dispersion
Summary
Aqueous miscible organic layered double hydroxides (AMO-LDHs) can act as organophilic inorganic flame retardant nanofillers for unmodified non-polar polymers. In this contribution, AMO [Mg3Al(OH)8] (CO3)0.5·yH2O LDH–oxidized carbon nanotube (AMO-LDH–OCNT) hybrids are shown to perform better than the equivalent pure AMO-LDH. A synergistic effect between the AMO-LDH and OCNT was observed; this endows the hybrid material with enhanced flame retardancy, thermal stability, and mechanical properties. We have demonstrated that both the thermal and flame retardant properties of PP, high density polypropylene (HDPE), and ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) can be greatly improved by the addition of a new generation of hydrophobic and hydrocarbon–dispersible LDHs called aqueous miscible organic LDHs (AMO–LDH)[16,17,18]. CNTs have shown good potential in flame retardancy their dispersion within the polymer matrix is normally poor, due to their hydrophilic nature
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