Abstract
CO2 conversion to solar fuels/chemicals is an alluring approach for narrowing critical issues of global warming, environmental pollution, and climate change, caused by excess atmospheric CO2 concentration. Amongst various CO2 conversion strategies, photocatalytic CO2 conversion (PCC) is considered as a promising approach, which utilizes inexpensive sunlight and water with a photocatalyst material. Hence, development of an efficient and a stable photocatalyst is an essential activity for the respective scientific community to upscale the PCC research domain. Until today, metal oxides, such as TiO2, ZnO, etc., are categorized as standard photocatalysts because of their relative stability, abundant availability and low cost. However, their performance is tethered by limited light absorption and somewhat physical properties. Recently, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have offered an exciting and efficient way for PCC due to their superb CO2 adsorption and moderate photocatalytic properties. The LDH based photocatalysts show marvelous physiochemical and electrical properties like high surface area, stability, and excellent conductivity. In the present review article, a summarized survey is portrayed regarding latest development for LDH based photocatalysts with a focus on synthesis strategies employing various photocatalyst materials, influencing parameters and possible mechanism involved in PCC to useful fuels and chemicals like CO, CH4, CH3OH, and H2.
Highlights
Ever increasing energy demand for rapid industrialization/urbanization, being fulfilled mainly from fossil fuels, is continuously stimulating the alarming and severe threats of environmental pollution and global warming [1]
The summarized overview of up to date developed metal embedded/loaded layered double hydroxides (LDHs) photocatalysts employed for photocatalytic CO2 conversion to useful chemicals are presented in Table 2 in respect to research objective, reaction conditions, products yielded, and important influential parameters contributing to enhanced performance
The ternary composite of CoZnAl-LDH shows improved CO2 adsorption whereas carbon nitride (CN) is well known for its visible light and photocatalytic is converted into CH3 radical, which reacts with electron and protons to form CH4 as activity
Summary
Ever increasing energy demand for rapid industrialization/urbanization, being fulfilled mainly from fossil fuels, is continuously stimulating the alarming and severe threats of environmental pollution and global warming [1]. As investigated in their previous research [45], the interlayer space within LDH layers acts as an active site for the CO2 conversion to CH3 OH with higher selectivity when Cu is inserted Extending their investigation with the modification of the interlayer space of the LDH for enhancing the photocatalytic performance via anionic species between the cationic LDH layers, Ahmed and co-authors [46] found an increased CH3 OH formation rate. They found, during the synthesis process of Zn3 Ga|CO3 and Zn1.5 Cu1.5 Ga|CO3 LDH, the (CO3 )2− is replaced with [Cu(OH)4 ]2− anions by [CuCl4 ]2− ions hydrolyzed in the alkaline solution.
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