Abstract
Internet of Things (IoT), known as a new paradigm, has shown to have a significant role in healthcare domains including remote vital sign monitoring systems, physical activity tracking, early disease diagnosis, and prevention of disease risks. Therefore, designing an integrated healthcare system based on Internet of Things is highly dependent on designing a layered architecture pattern. However, there are no comprehensive studies on Internet of Things layered architecture in the healthcare industry. The purpose of this study was to identify and scrutinize different types of layered architecture of Internet of Things in healthcare in terms of functions, and technologies. We evaluated studies proposing layered architecture of Internet of Things based on security aspects (security requirements and solutions). A systematic literature review was conducted by searching IEEE, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science between 2005 and 2019. We were able to find 47 academic studies based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. We systematically reviewed applied functions and technologies and categorized them into three main layers namely, the perception, network, and application layers. This study also presented a comprehensive classification of sensor types. Only 28 out of 47 studies proposing Internet of Things architecture addressed security aspects among which privacy, authentication, and access control, confidentiality, and integrity had the highest rank. The layered architecture of Internet of Things is needed to provide an integrated framework for healthcare system, make better communication, and enhance the information management process. We suggest several potential solutions for future research directions according to technical, management, and security challenges
Highlights
With the rapid advances in information and communication technologies in recent years, a new paradigm called Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged [1, 2]
We conducted a review of all relevant studies by focusing on well-defined research questions leading to an increase in knowledge and better understanding of the types of layered architecture for IoT-based healthcare
This study systematically reviewed the current knowledge about different layered architecture of IoT on the basis of the various application domains of healthcare
Summary
With the rapid advances in information and communication technologies in recent years, a new paradigm called Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged [1, 2]. The main concept of emerging IoT is a network of uniquely identifiable and addressable objects (things) which are embedded with sensors, actuators and microprocessors [6,7]. The term "IoT" is often associated with different names such as "internet of objects", "ambient intelligence", "ubiquitous computing", "pervasive computing", "cyber physical systems" and "machine to machine interaction" [12,13,14,15,16,17]. The IoT motto is “having a modern and better life and promoting the life quality” This is possible by connecting a large number of intelligent devices, technologies, and applications [5]. Three main elements including hardware (sensing devices), middleware (tools for storage and analyzing of data), and visualization are the key components which make IoT [20]
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