Layer-by-layer particle deposited membranes of silk fibroin and poly (vinyl alcohol) for guided bone regeneration: molecular structure, morphology, and properties

Abstract

ABSTRACT Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is an effective approach for oral and maxillofacial surgery. The membranes were fabricated by particle deposition into layer-by-layer of silk fibroin (SF)/poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/silk fibroin (SF). These membranes were varied amount of PVA: 0, 100, 200, and 300 ml of 5% (w/v) PVA (control, PVA100, 200, and 300, respectively). Morphology and molecular structure were explored and characterised by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The membranes were tested physical and mechanical properties. They were cultured with osteoblasts for evaluation of the biological performances: cell viability and proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium content, amount of protein, and calcium deposition. PVA100, 200, and 300 had different coarse-grained surfaces, molecular organisations, structural stabilities and properties. PVA300 had the morphology, molecular organisation, and structural stability that lead to suitable physical and mechanical properties to enhance the biological performance. PVA300 is a promising candidate for GBR.