Abstract
SummaryThe relationship between mesoscopic local field potentials (LFPs) and single-neuron firing in the multi-layered neocortex is poorly understood. Simultaneous recordings from all layers in the primary visual cortex (V1) of the behaving mouse revealed functionally defined layers in V1. The depth of maximum spike power and sink-source distributions of LFPs provided consistent laminar landmarks across animals. Coherence of gamma oscillations (30–100 Hz) and spike-LFP coupling identified six physiological layers and further sublayers. Firing rates, burstiness, and other electrophysiological features of neurons displayed unique layer and brain state dependence. Spike transmission strength from layer 2/3 cells to layer 5 pyramidal cells and interneurons was stronger during waking compared with non-REM sleep but stronger during non-REM sleep among deep-layer excitatory neurons. A subset of deep-layer neurons was active exclusively in the DOWN state of non-REM sleep. These results bridge mesoscopic LFPs and single-neuron interactions with laminar structure in V1.
Highlights
A characteristic feature of the neocortex is its laminar organization
How the laminar structure relates to mesoscopic physiological patterns, such as local field potential (LFP) oscillations and physiological interactions of single neurons across layers, is not well understood
Small electrolytic lesions were made to calibrate the positions of the recording sites with histological verification (n = 4; Figures 1A and S1)
Summary
A characteristic feature of the neocortex is its laminar organization. The cortical columnar microcircuitry is viewed as a stack of interconnected yet distinct neuronal networks in which each lamina possesses somewhat unique patterns with different specific inputs, projection targets, and feedback connections (Mountcastle, 1997; Callaway, 1998; Douglas and Martin 2004; Harris and Shepherd, 2015). Similar strategies have been followed in the V1 of waking monkeys (Schroeder et al, 1998; Maier et al, 2010; Xing et al, 2012; Dougherty et al, 2017) and other cortical areas in rodents, mostly under anesthesia (Sakata and Harris, 2012; Reyes-Puerta et al, 2015). In these previous studies, layer boundaries were estimated mainly by depth criteria, and the relationship among LFP depth profiles, neuronal activity, and interlayer interactions in different behavioral states was not addressed quantitatively
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