Laws of Nature Forbid the Existence of p = 0 Condensate in a System of Interacting Bosons

Abstract

Analyzing the basic dynamics of two bosons, interacting through a central force, we make three unequivocal conclusions: (i). Natural laws, demanding the ground state of a system to have least possible energy, forbid the existence of p = 0 condensate in a system of interacting bosons (SIB). (ii). The ground state of a SIB, with different number of particles having different momenta does not have least possible energy as it should be. (iii). All particles in the true ground state have identically equal energy, εo = h<SUP>2</SUP>/8md<SUP>2</SUP>, and equivalent momentum, q<SUB>o</SUB> = π/d. The real nature of Bose Einstein condensation (BEC) that exists in the superfluid state of a SIB is identified as the condensation of particles in a state of a pair of particles having equal and opposite momenta (q, -q) with center of mass momentum, K = 0 and q = π/d. We also discuss how experimental results pertaining to the existence of electron bubble and free rotation of molecules in helium droplets and clusters support the absence of p=0 condensate and how single particle basis (SPB), having an alliance with p=0 condensate, is inconsistent with certain physical realities of the system at low temperatures. These conclusions render strong support for our theory of superfluidity of a system like liquid 4He (Amer. J. Cond. Mat. Phys. 2, 32-52(2012).