Abstract
This study aims at analyzing the repartition of the quantities of shells of sand sediments of Togolese littoral, and at determining the law underlying their longitudinal and transversal distributions. Samples (210), collected all along Togolese littoral starting from Togo-Ghana border up to Togo-Benin border, are subject to the test of sieving. Each refusal on sieve is tested against construction of shells by hydrochloric acid. The determination of the quantity of shells according to their size and to longitudinal and transversal distributions on the littoral is completed. As a conclusion, the quantity of shells in the sediments is getting lower and lower starting from the aerial mid-beach (14.2%) to the mid-foreshore (11.80%), and getting higher and higher from the mid-foreshore (11.80%) to the low-foreshore (13.32%). It is getting lower and lower according to the direction of sediments’ transportations. This quantity of shells is high (40.87%) in the fine-grained sands (Ø Ø > 2 mm) and low (>24.26%) in the average-grained sands (0.125 mm ≤ Ø ≤ 2 mm). The average quantity of shells of 12.67% is lower than the recommended maximum quantity (30%) for the sands used for concrete. Thus, for the concrete works, the littoral sands might be seen as useful since they are granulating for concrete.
Highlights
Most of the works of civil engineering completed in Togo are in concrete which is a composite material mostly made up of granulates, binder and water
The average quantity of shells of 12.67% is lower than the recommended maximum quantity (30%) for the sands used for concrete
This study showed that the quantity of shells in the sea sediments of the Togolese littoral gets lower and lower from the aerial mid-beach to mid-foreshore, and gets higher and higher from the mid-foreshore to the low-foreshore
Summary
Most of the works of civil engineering completed in Togo are in concrete which is a composite material mostly made up of granulates, binder and water. The choice of the size of granulates depends on expected results for concrete Water-resistant and permeable concrete are, among other things, researched properties for a concrete. One of fundamental parameters which influence the physical aspect of concrete is the cleanness of granulates [1]
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