Abstract
The rate of cooling of domesticated pig bones is investigated within the temperature range of 20°C-320°C. Within the afore-mentioned temperature range, it was found that different behaviors in the rate of cooling were taking place. For bones reaching a temperature within the lower temperature range of 20°C-50°C, it was found that the rate of cooling is mostly governed by the empirical Newton's law of cooling. It is also shown that a transition is taking place somewhere within 50°C-100°C, where both the heat conduction equation and Newton's law apply. As bones can be raised at a fairly high temperature before burning, it was found that the rate of cooling within the range 125°C-320°C is mostly behaving according to the heat conduction equation and Stefan-Boltzmann radiation law. A pulsed CO2 laser was used to heat the bones up to a given temperature and the change of temperature as a function of time was recorded by non-contact infrared thermometer during the cooling period.
Highlights
1.1 Context of previously published workSeveral mathematical models have been developed for predicting thermal response when tissue is irradiated by lasers [1,2,3]
After 20 seconds or so, conduction appears to become less significant as a mean of heat transfer and it can be seen from all curves that an exponential curve from Eq (7) is fitting reasonably well the experimental data points (see Figs. 4(b) and 4(h))
Investigations on bones samples show that the three modes of heat transfer discussed are taking place during the start and the end of a cooling process
Summary
Several mathematical models have been developed for predicting thermal response when tissue is irradiated by lasers [1,2,3]. Histological examinations of cartilage and skull tissue using mid-infrared lasers were studied for potential surgical applications [4,5]. From these studies, it is shown that the quality of troughs or cuts created in bones depends upon the laser pulse duration. In the case of more severe heating that can cause discoloration in bones, heat transfer by radiation will be shown to be more important than conduction and convective heat losses In this experimental investigation, we will focus our attention on three modes of heat transfer. These modes of heat transfer that will be investigated are those by convection, radiation and conduction
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