Abstract
Laundry services are rapidly becoming ubiquitous in rural and urban areas, generating high domestic waste volumes. Their growth has raised concerns about the quality of natural waters, particularly the rivers into which most laundry businesses discharge their wastewater. The research set out to study laundry wastewater characteristics and their relationship with the river water quality as water pollution indicators in Code Watershed (Indonesia). It lies in three administrative units where many human activities take place in the watershed’s upper to the lower reaches. BOD and COD of 25 sampled laundry businesses were analyzed descriptively and compared to the laundry wastewater standards stipulated in Regulation No. 7 of 2016 and the class II water quality standards issued in Governor Regulation No. 20 of 2008. The results showed that the BOD of four laundry businesses and the COD of 18 laundry businesses exceeded the predetermined standards. Overall, rivers in Code Watershed meet the class II river water criteria for BOD at three of the seven sampling points and COD at all points.
Highlights
In the Special Region of Yogyakarta (SRY), Indonesia, increasing community activities along the Code River, mostly those of domestic and small-scale industrial sectors, have modified the water quality
The source of pollutants in the Code River that passes through urban areas comes from domestic waste, e.g., greywater, soap, food wastes and scraps, and fecal wastes [2]
Compared with the wastewater quality standards set in Regulation No 7 of 2016, five samples contained high Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels exceeding the upper threshold, 75 mg/L
Summary
In the Special Region of Yogyakarta (SRY), Indonesia, increasing community activities along the Code River, mostly those of domestic and small-scale industrial sectors, have modified the water quality. Monitoring in 2013 confirms ammonia and COD are low at the inlet but high at the outlet, up to the point where the quality standards are exceeded. These findings indicate that the influence of waste disposal from, for instance, settlements, lodging, small-scale industries, and health services, becomes more significant downstream [1]. Another monitoring by the SRY Environment and Forestry Service reveals an increasing trend in detergent contents from 2017 through 2019 and 2020, above the class II water quality standards. The source of pollutants in the Code River that passes through urban areas comes from domestic waste, e.g., greywater, soap, food wastes and scraps, and fecal wastes [2]
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