Abstract
A major advantage of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies is the ability to print customized products, which makes these technologies well suited for the orthopedic implants industry. Another advantage is the design freedom provided by AM technologies to enhance the performance of orthopedic implants. This paper presents a state-of-the-art overview of the use of AM technologies to produce orthopedic implants from lattice structures and functionally graded materials. It discusses how both techniques can improve the implants’ performance significantly, from a mechanical and biological point of view. The characterization of lattice structures and the most recent finite element analysis models are explored. Additionally, recent case studies that use functionally graded materials in biomedical implants are surveyed. Finally, this paper reviews the challenges faced by these two applications and suggests future research directions required to improve their use in orthopedic implants.
Highlights
Recent progress in Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies has allowed for the development of novel applications in various industries
The reverse engineering process starts with data acquisition or obtaining the exact anatomical data from scanning techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
This paper aims to focus on the applications of lattice structures and functionally graded materials (FGM) in the orthopedic implants industry, concerning load bearing implants
Summary
Recent progress in Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies has allowed for the development of novel applications in various industries. Bose et al [20] focused on the application of AM in bone tissue engineering, wherein the mechanical properties of some 3D printed scaffolds material were summarized. Another advantage of AM is the possible printing of functionally graded materials (FGM). 2017, 1, 13 of implants is a key factor in choosing AM technologies as a manufacturing method for implants, the ability to print implants using lattice structures and FGM is an important added benefit. Cellular materials are usually classified according to their porosity type (open, closed) and their building unit cells order (stochastic, non-stochas2t.icL)a.ttTicheeSrteruactruereseveral applications for cellular materials including heat exchangers, filters, load bearing2.c1o.
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