Abstract
Ratios of cumulants of net proton-number fluctuations measured by the STAR Collaboration show strong deviations from a skellam distribution, which should describe thermal properties of cumulant ratios, if proton-number fluctuations are generated in equilibrium and a hadron resonance gas (HRG) model would provide a suitable description of thermodynamics at the freeze-out temperature. We present some results on 6th order cumulants entering the calculation of the QCD equation of state at non-zero values of the baryon chemical potential (μB) and discuss limitations on the applicability of HRG thermodynamics deduced from a comparison between QCD and HRG model calculations of cumulants of conserved charge fluctuations. We show that basic features of the μB-dependence of skewness and kurtosis ratios of net proton-number fluctuations measured by the STAR Collaboration resemble those expected from a QCD calculation of the corresponding net baryon-number cumulant ratios.
Highlights
A major goal in current experimental and theoretical studies of the thermodynamics of strong interaction matter is the exploration of its phase diagram
It is generally expected that conserved charge fluctuations, which are generated close to, or at the freeze-out temperature, Tf, can provide insight into the existence and location of the critical point (CCP)
Lattice QCD calculations provide a wealth of other observables, e.g. higher order cumulants of conserved charge fluctuations, that are sensitive to the changes in physical properties of hot and dense matter that occur in this temperature interval
Summary
A major goal in current experimental and theoretical studies of the thermodynamics of strong interaction matter is the exploration of its phase diagram. [9] allow to state that ”hadronization and freeze-out of hadrons occur close to, or in the QCD crossover region” (see Fig. 1 (right)) even though the temperatures in question are quite different, e.g. ranging from 155 MeV to 165 MeV at μB = 0.
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