Lattice matched Z-scheme ZnIn2S4/Ag3PO4 enhanced photocatalytic performance by controlling morphology synthesis

Abstract

Semiconductor materials have the capability to combine and form heterojunctions, yet traditional ones often result in interface defects due to lattice mismatch. On the other hand, lattice-matched heterojunctions boast smooth interfaces, facilitating charge transfer and enhancing photocatalytic efficacy. This study aims to manipulate the morphology of ZnIn2S4 to resemble flowers, thereby increasing its active sites. Furthermore, adjusting the ZnIn2S4 to Ag3PO4 ratio forms Z-scheme heterojunctions, while employing natural zein as a substrate enables the creation of photocatalytic films via electrospinning for the degradation of CIP, a target pollutant. Through analysis of optoelectronic properties and photocatalytic assessments, it is evidenced that the amalgamation of ZnIn2S4 and Ag3PO4 forms a lattice-matched Z-scheme heterojunction, significantly enhancing the separation and transmission efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers, thereby improving photocatalytic performance. The most efficient film (ZnIn2S4/30 wt% Ag3PO4) achieves a 93.77 % degradation efficiency for CIP in 60 minutes and maintains stability over four cycles. Experiments capturing free radicals indicate •O2- radicals as the primary active species. Through density functional theory calculations and LC/MS-Q-TOF characterization, three potential degradation pathways for CIP are proposed. Antibacterial and cytotoxicity experiments confirm the broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and biocompatibility of ZnIn2S4/Ag3PO4@zein nano-photocatalytic films.