Abstract
Sr${}_{2}$IrO${}_{4}$ exhibits an insulating state driven by spin-orbit interactions. We report two phenomena, namely, a large magnetoresistivity in Sr${}_{2}$IrO${}_{4}$ that is extremely sensitive to the orientation of magnetic field but exhibits no apparent correlation with the magnetization, and a robust metallic state that is induced by dilute electron (La${}^{3+}$) or hole (K${}^{+}$) doping for Sr${}^{2+}$ ions in Sr${}_{2}$IrO${}_{4}$. Our structural, transport, and magnetic data reveal that a strong spin-orbit interaction alters the balance between the competing energies so greatly that (1) the spin degree of freedom alone is no longer a dominant force, (2) the underlying transport properties delicately hinge on the Ir-O-Ir bond angle via a strong magnetoelastic coupling, and (3) a highly insulating state in Sr${}_{2}$IrO${}_{4}$ is proximate to a metallic state, and the transition is governed by lattice distortions that can be controlled via either the magnetic field or chemical doping.
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