Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter presents a study on the distribution of the long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS), assay of human thyroid-stimulating IgG in five species, immune-electrophoresis patterns of fractions of serum protein obtained by isoelectric focusing, cytochemical bioassay of LATS, and relationship of thyroid-stimulating IgG to hyperthyroidism. The immunoglobulin stimulating the human thyroid is the same as that which variably stimulates the nonhuman thyroid; moreover, when the mouse thyroid responds to the IgG, then a positive LATS assay is obtained. Although the putative antigen has not yet been isolated, thyroid-stimulating IgG preparations have been achieved by various groups and it seems highly likely that the spontaneous thyroid-stimulating IgG, circulating in Graves' disease, is truly an antibody, presumably to an antigen residing in the plasma membrane of the follicular cell. The evidence that the thyroid-stimulating IgG is indeed the cause of hyperthyroidism in Graves' disease is also, at present, circumstantial. Munro (1977) and Shishiba (1977) reviewed their wide experience with the use, in particular, of the long-acting thyroid stimulator protector (LATS-P) assay and the human thyroid stimulator (HTS) assay. It appears that the sensitivity of these two assays is such that the blood of the majority of patients studied gives a positive result in one or other test.
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