Abstract
Using the global numerical upper atmosphere model (UAM), ionospheric electron density variations have been simulated for different seasons as well as low and high solar activities. The UAM results have been compared with the values obtained with IRI-2012 ionospheric model calculations. It has been shown that the UAM results are consistent with the results obtained by the IRI-2012 empirical model for middle and lower latitudes and daytime hours at both low and high solar activity levels with a discrepancy of up to 40% regardless of the season. The difference between UAM and IRI-2012 values calculated for electron density peaks at high latitudes and can be explained by the fact that the empirical model does not reproduce the main ionospheric trough. In addition, there have been large discrepancies in the altitudinal profiles of electron number density for plasmaspheric heights and low solar activity. This discrepancy can be explained by the influence of initial conditions on numerical simulation results.
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