Abstract
Within the context of a new capitalistic phase of development, some South American countries undertook until recently a search process of an alternative path of development to neoliberalism, or “neo-developmentalism” experiences. In neo-developmentalist countries, the states' inner action was complemented with the use, at the supranational scale, of the states' external power to further a geoeconomic and political realignment with China, Russia, the BRICS and the Global South, and, thus, a distancing from US and its hegemonic system of states. Centered on state action, to which we provide a set of theoretical foundations related to capitalistic phases of development from a Gramscian perspective, we explore neo-developmentalism experiences (particularly Brazil's and Argentina's), their supranational realignment and the possible consequences to multi-polarity, including the recent setbacks suffered by the progressive governments. We conclude that those trends won't avoid China, the BRICS and the Global South to continue reconfiguring South America, but another push like the one recently seen might have to wait until the next expansive phase of the commodity price cycle.
Highlights
Within the context of the emergence of a new capitalistic phase of development, in which neoliberalism has become the predominant development path, since the late 1990s some South American countries undertook a search process of an alternative path of development, whose experiences are commonly known as “neodevelopmentalism” (Neodesarrollismo)
Neo-developmentalism created high growth rates, diminishing social inequality, social inclusion and the emergence of new international middle classes until 2011. Those achievements were accomplished based on commodity exports to Asia and to China, and an inner re-distributional policy of the agromining international rent undertook by the national states, resulting on new industrial and on social inclusion policies
As part of the latter, we explore the supranational realignment of neo-developmentalist countries with China, the BRICS and the Global South, and its contribution to multipolarity, considering the recent neodevelopmentalism’s setbacks and their possible consequences
Summary
Within the context of the emergence of a new capitalistic phase of development, in which neoliberalism has become the predominant development path, since the late 1990s some South American countries undertook a search process of an alternative path of development, whose experiences are commonly known as “neodevelopmentalism” (Neodesarrollismo) Today, those experiences seem to live their last days because of the setbacks recently suffered by the biggest countries, namely, Brazil and Argentina. We explore them in terms of state action involving three interrelated dimensions: the internal capital accumulation process (economical dimension); the reconfiguration of historical bloc (political dimension); and the reconfiguration of national space and its relation with the supranational space (spatial dimension) As part of the latter, we explore the supranational realignment of neo-developmentalist countries with China, the BRICS and the Global South, and its contribution to multipolarity, considering the recent neodevelopmentalism’s setbacks and their possible consequences. Third section explores neo-developmentalism experiences centered on Brazil and Argentina; and fourth section argues about the consequences to multipolarity
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