Abstract
According to an UNCTAD data set, nontariff barriers were applied by 14 major industrialized importers against 19 percent of Latin American exports. This is not an unusually high coverage ratio – Australia and New Zealand, and Japan faced substantially more frequent barriers. The effects of these barriers on Latin American exports are difficult to estimate. The estimates vary substantially depending on the method of estimation. One method estimates that Latin American exports to this group of 14 importers have been reduced by trade barriers by a total of 34 percent, varying from 5 percent for Mexico to 75 percent for Argentina.
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