Latex aeroallergen quantification in hospitals of Moscow, Russia

Abstract

Health care workers (HCWs) who use latex gloves regularly are at a significant risk for developing allergic sensitization to natural rubber latex (NRL) proteins. The airborne route of exposure presents a hazard for sensitization and subsequent allergic symptoms. The purpose of this study was to measure the content of the NRL proteins in the air of work areas (laboratories, treatment rooms, operating rooms, examination rooms, and dentist's treatment rooms) in eight Moscow hospitals where the employees used powdered latex gloves. The air samples were collected by a volumetric filtration method using a static air sampler at a flow rate of 3 L/second. Airborne particles were collected onto polytetrafluoroethylene filters rated 99.9% efficient at 0.3 microm. The NRL allergens were extracted from the air filter samples in phosphate-buffered saline and quantified by an inhibition immunoassay using a five-person pool of sera containing latex-specific human immunoglobulin E. The airborne latex allergen concentrations in 11 areas (including positive control) where latex gloves were used varied from 5 to 26 ng/m3. Conversely, in 12 areas where latex gloves were seldom used or where powdered-free latex gloves were used allergen levels were not detectable (including two negative controls). The highest concentration of latex allergen (26 ng/m3) was found in an examination room of a gynecology department. Low and moderate concentrations were detected in most operating rooms, and low concentrations in the laboratories and treatment rooms. This study indicates that, in general, the airborne NRL concentrations in the work areas of Moscow hospitals are rather low compared with NRL concentrations reported from American hospitals and are dependent on the intensity of latex glove usage.