Latest thinking on paruresis and parcopresis: A new distinct diagnostic entity?

Abstract

Paruresis and parcopresis are psychogenic conditions that involve adifficulty or inability to void or defecate, respectively, in a public setting (egpublic restroom). Both conditions are associated with significant psychological distress. As a result of shame, embarrassment and stigma, individuals with these conditions may not actively identify behaviours or symptoms or seek treatment in generalpractitioner (GP) consultations. The objective of this article is to providea summary of the associated psychopathology and comorbidity, and diagnostic challenges associated with paruresis and parcopresis. Treatment recommendations relating to paruresis and parcopresis are also provided. Paruresis and parcopresis can have a significant impact on an individual's psychological health and overall quality of life. GPs play a part in identifying these conditions, defusing feelings of shame and embarrassment, and enabling access to psychological interventions, which are likely to provide significant benefits to individuals living with paruresis and/or parcopresis.