Abstract
In the last years, the understanding of the pathologic mechanisms of asthma and atopic dermatitis, both characterized by allergic inflammation, has greatly improved. However, it is evident that both diseases present with high heterogeneity, which complicates the diagnosis and the therapeutic approach of the patients. Moreover, some of the currently available strategies to treat asthma and atopic dermatitis are still mostly controlling the symptoms, but not to lead towards full healing, thus having these two diseases labelled as unmet clinical needs by WHO. Therefore, the “one-size-fits-all” strategy is outdated for asthma and atopic dermatitis, and there is the need of better methods to clearly diagnose the disease and tailor the therapy according to the specific symptomatology. In this regard, the use of biomarkers has been advanced in order to characterize both diseases according to their clinical signs and to facilitate the subsequent treatment. Despite the advancements made in this regard, there is still need for better and more sensitive biomarkers and for less invasive sampling methodologies, with the aim to diagnose specifically each manifestation of asthma and atopic dermatitis and to provide the best treatment with the least suffering for the patients.
Highlights
Advancements of medical research in the field of allergic diseases have led to a better understanding that pathologies characterized by allergic inflammation (AI) are heterogeneous and present with a high degree of variability among patients (Roth and Stolz, 2019; Bakker et al, 2020)
In contrast to what was seen in asthma, there is a general lack of suitable biomarkers for Atopic dermatitis (AD), mostly due to the difficulties inherent to sample retrieval
The “B” one presented with higher Th2specific mediators, worsened symptomatology and increased possibility to develop other atopic diseases (Tay et al, 2020). This evidence adds another level of characterization of AD, which might aid in stratification of the patients and evaluation of biomarkers
Summary
Advancements of medical research in the field of allergic diseases have led to a better understanding that pathologies characterized by allergic inflammation (AI) are heterogeneous and present with a high degree of variability among patients (Roth and Stolz, 2019; Bakker et al, 2020). Even the newest biologic-based drugs are not able to cure it. This might be due to the concomitant presence of an atopic condition together with the inability of the atopic individual to fully resolve the inflammation. Given the advances in research, and in light of the concept of personalized medicine, the necessity of finding novel and more accurate biomarkers for allergic diseases has been raised. Biomarkers evaluation should help in the diagnosis of the disease as well as in predicting its outcomes and the effects of the prescribed therapy (Narendra et al, 2019)
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