Abstract
Oxygen isotope evidence indicates high but variable δ18O values in benthic foraminiferal calcite during the latest Miocene and earliest Pliocene. These high values may represent increases in global ice volume and associated sea-level fall. The δ18O record resembles glacial/interglacial cycles, but with only one-third the amplitude of the late Pleistocene signal. This variability may reflect instability in the Antarctic ice sheet, and palaeomagnetic correlation points to an isotopic event coinciding with the isolation and desiccation of the Mediterranean basin during the latest Messinian.
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