Latest developments in glaucoma

Abstract

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world affecting 12.5% of blind population. In addition to that, it is the cause of morbidity for 64.3 million of people among 40-80 years of age. World statistical predictions estimate it to be 118 million in 2040. Unpublished data in Sri Lanka reveals 6-9% of prevalence among people over 40 years with more predilections to Northern Province.Glaucoma is a disease of optic nerve head with progressive ganglion cell loss resulting in loss of neuro-retinal rim and retinal nerve fiber layer. It is characterized by structural changes in optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer and functional loss depicted as visual field loss.Asymptomatic nature of the disease causes a delay in diagnosis. On the other hand, the early diagnosis and treatment will minimize the physical, psychological and social impact of the illness. The diagnosis of glaucoma is a complicated and expensive effort that is heavily dependent on the experience and expertise of a clinician. Therefore, the awareness on latest discoveries on pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluations and therapeutic interventions in the field of glaucoma will help to face the challenges in patient care.