Abstract
In this paper, based on the expressions of the electromagnetic fields in the earth generated by vertical electric and magnetic dipoles situated in the air, by using reciprocity theorem, the complete formulas are derived for the electromagnetic field of a horizontal electric dipole below the spherical-earth surface. The computations show that the electromagnetic wave attenuates faster along the spherical-earth surface than along the planar-earth surface and the effects of the earth curvature cannot be neglected at large distances between the transmitter and the receiver.
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