Abstract
Spin-photonic devices, represented by spin-polarized light emitting diodes and spin-polarized photodiodes, have great potential for practical use in circularly polarized light (CPL) applications. Focusing on the lateral-type spin-photonic devices that can exchange CPL through their side facets, this review describes their functions in practical CPL applications in terms of: (1) Compactness and integrability, (2) stand-alone (monolithic) nature, (3) room temperature operation, (4) emission with high circular polarization, (5) polarization controllability, and (6) CPL detection. Furthermore, it introduces proposed CPL applications in a wide variety of fields and describes the application of these devices in biological diagnosis using CPL scattering. Finally, it discusses the current state of spin-photonic devices and their applications and future prospects.
Highlights
This review presents only the experimental results obtained in the early stage of the development of 2G-spin-light-emitting diode (LED), and the rationale for the aberrant degree of circular polarization (DOCP) enhancement based on the experimental evidence can be found elsewhere
We reviewed state-of-the-art LT-spin-photonic devices with a focus on the development of practical circularly polarized light (CPL) devices
The first half of this article demonstrated the functions of spin-photonic devices according to the requirements for actual use
Summary
In semiconductor spintronics research, whose purpose is to employ the spin degree of freedom in semiconductors, injecting spin-polarized carriers from ferromagnetic materials into semiconductors has been a central topic since the 1990s. It has been reported that these results are attributable to the hole spin injection Since these reports, experiments involving CPL emission measurement from various combinations of magnetic materials and semiconductor heterostructures have been performed to demonstrate the injection of spin-polarized carriers. Experiments involving CPL emission measurement from various combinations of magnetic materials and semiconductor heterostructures have been performed to demonstrate the injection of spin-polarized carriers Such devices consisting of ferromagnetic electrodes on semiconductor LED structures are called “spin-polarized light emitting diodes (spin-LEDs)” [6,7,8]. Spin injection from a ferromagnetic metal into a semiconductor via an Ohmic junction is difficult in principle because of an inherent limitation of the electron diffusion process This limitation exists because of the large difference in the electrical conductivity between these materials, the so-called “conductivity mismatch” [13,14,15,16]. CPL emission with DOCPs of approximately 10% has been successfully reported at RT [36,37,38]
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