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Abstract
Travelling waves are the physical basis of frequency discrimination in many vertebrate and invertebrate taxa, including mammals, birds, and some insects. In bushcrickets (Tettigoniidae), the crista acustica is the hearing organ that has been shown to use sound-induced travelling waves. Up to now, data on mechanical characteristics of sound-induced travelling waves were only available along the longitudinal (proximal-distal) direction. In this study, we use laser Doppler vibrometry to investigate in-vivo radial (anterior-posterior) features of travelling waves in the tropical bushcricket Mecopoda elongata. Our results demonstrate that the maximum of sound-induced travelling wave amplitude response is always shifted towards the anterior part of the crista acustica. This lateralization of the travelling wave response induces a tilt in the motion of the crista acustica, which presumably optimizes sensory transduction by exerting a shear motion on the sensory cilia in this hearing organ.
Highlights
Bushcrickets (Tettigoniidae) perceive a wide frequency bandwidth of substrate- and air-borne sounds ranging up to ultrasonic frequencies
When the scolopidial axis was taken as the midline, the analysis of the radial travelling wave structure revealed that the maximum response was always shifted towards the anterior part of the crista acustica (Fig. 1b)
Our results reveal that the magnitude response of the crista acustica (CA) is lateralized in relation to the scolopidial axis
Summary
Bushcrickets (Tettigoniidae) perceive a wide frequency bandwidth of substrate- and air-borne sounds ranging up to ultrasonic frequencies. The hearing organ of bushcrickets, the crista acustica (CA; Fig. 1a), is located in each leg of the animal. In the forelegs of the bushcricket, the CA processes high-frequency sound between ,5 and at least 80 kHz [1,2]. The primary entry for highfrequency sound to the CA can be found in the prothoracic region of the animal, which is an oval-shaped opening known as the spiracle [3,4,5]. The CA is located on top of the AT in the tibial region of the forelegs. An alternative sound entry path is via the tympana. The tympana are compliant plate-like structures in the forelegs, bordering the AT on the anterior and posterior sides
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