Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Detection and control of infectious diseases is a major problem, especially in developing countries. Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has been introduced as a handheld immunoassay-based point-of-care platform for an automated detection of TB. The CFP10-ESAT6 antigen of M. tuberculosis was used as the target in early detection of TB using LFIA strip-based POC strategy. An interesting platform based on optical signals is implemented as a colour change in the detection area that is visible to the naked eye. The gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used as the colour probe for the detection of a target of interest. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) analysis confirmed that the synthesized AuNPs were appropriate for the immunoassay designed. The platform consists of AuNPs conjugated with specific antibodies (Ab) to capture the antigen of M. tuberculosis. Under the capillary effect, sandwich immunoreactions of AuNP-Ab-antigen were performed on the test pad of the immunostrip, which can be observed by the colour signal on the test line of the strip with a short assay time. Furthermore, the newly developed biosensor was utilized in CFP10-ESAT6 antigen detection in human sputum specimens with satisfactory results. The characteristic coloured bands enable visual detection (naked eye) of target analyte without instrumentation. This noninvasive diagnose system which is sputum-based detection could provide user-friendly and affordable diagnostic tests in developing countries.
Highlights
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest infectious diseases that became a significant public health problem worldwide [1]
The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) plate shows the blue signal in the wells with antigen and no blue signal can be observed in the absence of antigen
The results confirmed that the fusion protein CFP10-ESAT6 has been a great candidate antigen with high specificity for the selected antibodies used in this work based on the immunodiagnosis sandwich format in ELISA
Summary
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the deadliest infectious diseases that became a significant public health problem worldwide [1]. The disease is mainly caused by the infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can be transmitted via minute aerosol droplets such as coughing, sneezing, or even talking by an infected TB person [2]. This airborne contagious disease caused more than nine million new cases annually, making TB the second leading cause of death after human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection [3]. The primary reasons for the high prevalence rate of TB include inadequate access to effective diagnostic methods and inability to treat all infectious cases of pulmonary TB in a timely fashion, allowing continued M. tuberculosis transmission within communities. The nucleic acid amplification-based systems have been developed and offer
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