Abstract
Lateral flow immuno-assays, such as the home pregnancy test, are rapid point-of-care diagnostics that use antibody-coated nanoparticles to bind antigens/analytes (e.g., viruses, toxins or hormones). Ease of use, no need for centralized infrastructure and low-cost, makes these devices appealing for rapid disease identification, especially in low-resource environments. Here glycosylated polymer-coated nanoparticles are demonstrated for the sensitive, label-free detection of lectins in lateral flow and flow-through. The systems introduced here use glycans, not antibodies, to provide recognition: a “lateral flow glyco-assay,” providing unique biosensing opportunities. Glycans are installed onto polymer termini and immobilized onto gold nanoparticles, providing colloidal stability but crucially also introducing assay tunability and selectivity. Using soybean agglutinin and Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA120) as model analytes, the impact of polymer chain length and nanoparticle core size are evaluated, with chain length found to have a significant effect on signal generation—highlighting the need to control the macromolecular architecture to tune response. With optimized systems, lectins are detectable at subnanomolar concentrations, comparable to antibody-based systems. Complete lateral flow devices are also assembled to show how these devices can be deployed in the “real world.” This work shows that glycan-binding can be a valuable tool in rapid diagnostics.
Highlights
Lateral flow devices (LFDs), such as the home pregnancy test,[1] can be used to provide rapid point of care testing at low cost
the analyte was deposited in place of a test line
45 μL of running buffer was added to a PCR tube
Summary
Lateral flow devices (LFDs), such as the home pregnancy test,[1] can be used to provide rapid point of care testing at low cost. The cost-effectiveness and clinical usefulness of LFDs has been well demonstrated by malaria rapid diagnostic tests,[2,3] in the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis[4] and in comparisons with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) approaches for Ebola diagnosis.[5] More recently LFDs have been used to detect SARSCOV-2, as rapid and low-cost diagnostics allowing for early detection when deployed appropriately.[6] LFDs are chromatographic paper-based devices which function by flowing the analyte past a functionalized stationary phase with affinity for the analyte.
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