Abstract
The prefrontal cortical region comprises several higher-order control processes and is functionally organized along both rostral–caudal and dorsal–ventral axes. The caudal dorsolateral prefrontal region that lies immediately anterior to the motor region is involved in higher-order control processes that regulate the attentional selection among multiple competing environmental stimuli. Medial to this region, the cingulate-prefrontal region contributes to critical evaluation of action outcomes, often referred to as performance monitoring. The mid-dorsolateral prefrontal region contributes to the monitoring of events in working memory, which, in interaction with posterior parietal cortex, allow for the cognitive manipulation of events in working memory. The ventrolateral prefrontal region, which in the language-dominant hemisphere plays a critical role in language production, also regulates effortful controlled retrieval from memory.
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