Latent Effects Of Emamectin Benzoate Formulations On Spodoptera Littoralis Boisd. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract

Chemical control is used as a rapid and reliable method for insect control, but there is an ongoing need toreplace older conventional insecticides with new insecticides to maintain efficacy and environmentalprotection. Emamectin benzoate is a bioinsecticide insecticide, which is used widely for the control oflepidopteran insects. In the present study, the latent effects of four emamectin benzoate formulationsincluding; Absoluota 5% microencapsulated emulsion (ME), Emi-Mainar 5.7% Water Dispersible granule(WG), Camaro 5% Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), and Proclaim 5% Water Soluble Granules (SG). Secondinstar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis that survived after exposure to LC10, or LC50 values of each formulationwere maintained in the laboratory for larval and pupal development, reproductive activity, and oxidative stressenzymes assessed. Results exhibited that Emi-Mainar was more toxic (LC50= 0.007 μg/ml) than Absoluotaand Proclaim (0.015 and 0.019 μg/ml). The toxicity of Camaro was comparable with the other formulations.The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly high when 2nd instar larvae were treated withLC50 concentrations of Emi-Mainar and Camaro formulations and significantly low with LC50 values ofAbsoluota, Proclaim and LC10 concentrations of Emi-Mainar, Camaro, and Absoluota formulations. While noeffect was observed in the catalase enzyme (CAT) activity in all tested larvae with LC10 and LC50 of allformulations. Moreover, all tested formulations increased the development times of larval and pupal stages.The results suggest that Emi-Mainar formulation may have the largest impact on S. littoralis populationscompared to other tested form of emamectin benzoate formulations.