Abstract
Fifth-generation (5G) cellular mobile networks are expected to support mission-critical low latency applications in addition to mobile broadband services, where fourth-generation (4G) cellular networks are unable to support Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC). However, it might be interesting to understand which latency requirements can be met with both 4G and 5G networks. In this paper, we discuss (1) the components contributing to the latency of cellular networks and (2) evaluate control-plane and user-plane latencies for current-generation narrowband cellular networks and point out the potential improvements to reduce the latency of these networks, (3) present, implement and evaluate latency reduction techniques for latency-critical applications. The two elements we detected, namely the short transmission time interval and the semi-persistent scheduling are very promising as they allow to shorten the delay to processing received information both into the control and data planes. We then analyze the potential of latency reduction techniques for URLLC applications. To this end, we develop these techniques into the long term evolution (LTE) module of ns-3 simulator and then evaluate the performance of the proposed techniques into two different application fields: industrial automation and intelligent transportation systems. Our detailed evaluation results from simulations indicate that LTE can satisfy the low-latency requirements for a large choice of use cases in each field.
Highlights
In recent years, cellular networks have gained much attention and importance for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, as they promise low cost for installation and maintenance, deployment flexibility, and scalability for automation applications [1]
In addition to the enhanced Mobile Broad-Band, generation cellular communication applications are divided into two categories [3]: massive Machine Type Communication, and Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC)
We present the results from simulations of short Transmission Time Interval (sTTI) and Semi-Persistent Scheduling (SPS) techniques we implemented into the ns-3 long term evolution (LTE) module
Summary
Cellular networks have gained much attention and importance for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, as they promise low cost for installation and maintenance, deployment flexibility, and scalability for automation applications [1]. In addition to the enhanced Mobile Broad-Band (eMBB), generation cellular communication applications are divided into two categories [3]: massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC), and Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC). In the different releases of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) which is a standards organization that develops protocols for mobile telephony, no new candidate technologies have been identified in 5G for the Machine Type Communication (MTC) application that could surpass the existing 4G narrowband LTE to meet the key requirements for better coverage, cost sensitivity, and battery longevity [16]. – Conceptualization, implementation and evaluation of latency reduction techniques for narrowband cellular networks in the open source ns-3 simulator.
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