Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicle is one of the main announced use cases of 5G/IMT2020, which is expected to have various applications in many fields. These devices have limited capabilities in terms of energy and processing. Due to the complex structure of unmanned aerial vehicle networks and the high mobility constraints, design of efficient routing protocol, for supporting such network, is a challenge. Thus, efficient routing of data among unmanned aerial vehicles between source and destination is an important issue in designing unmanned aerial vehicle networks. Proactive routing protocols are one of the main categories of routing protocols developed for mobile ad hoc networks and vehicular ad hoc networks. Optimized link state routing protocol is one of the most common proactive routing protocols that has been modified to support unmanned aerial vehicle networks, considering high mobility feature of the network. In this work, we propose a latency and energy-efficient proactive routing protocol for dense unmanned aerial vehicle networks, with high-density devices, based on optimized link state routing protocol algorithm, referred to as multi-objective optimized link state routing protocol. The proposed routing protocol is topology aware and can be used for low-latency and high-mobility applications. The proposed multi-objective optimized link state routing protocol routing algorithm considers all modified versions of optimized link state routing protocol and introduces a novel method for selecting multipoint relay nodes that considers the traffic load on the communication channel and the load on each unmanned aerial vehicle node. Moreover, the proposed algorithm considers the communication link stability and the energy constraints. The system is simulated over a reliable environment for various scenarios, and it is compared to the original optimized link state routing protocol and its modified versions. Simulation results indicate that the proposed protocol achieves higher efficiency in terms of latency, energy, and reliability.
Highlights
With the recent development of communication systems and recent-developed communication paradigms, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are expected to have dramatic applications in many fields.[1]
UAV is defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as a main use case of 5G/IMT2020; this pushes the development, as well as enhances and optimizes the UAV networks to enable such expected applications.[2,3]
Since the selection of the multipoint relay (MPR) is the key performance of the proposed routing protocol, we develop a novel method for MPR selection that considers the route stability, network congestion, latency, and energy efficiency
Summary
With the recent development of communication systems and recent-developed communication paradigms, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are expected to have dramatic applications in many fields.[1]. UAV networks can be classified, based on the network application, into three main categories: UAV– UAV interaction, UAV–ground node interaction, and UAV–VANET (vehicular ad hoc network) interaction.[4] The first application category is the applications that require the cooperation and interaction between UAVs only, without any communication with any ground nodes In this kind of applications, the deployed UAVs usually work together to perform a common task.[5] These applications always require the deployment of high-density UAVs, with limited task duration. These applications include remote sensing, remote localization, target detection, and catastrophic monitoring.[6] The second class of UAV applications is the applications that require the cooperation and interaction between UAV and ground node. Designing of ad hoc UAV networks (some referred to as flying ad hoc network (FANET)) faces a lot of challenge that faces the design of UAV networks; these challenges include the following:[9,10]
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