Abstract
In this article, we highlight the characteristic features of the Late Rupelian Buran flora of Eastern Kazakhstan. The species list contains 65 plant taxa belonging to Polypodiophyta (2), Gymnospermae (12) and Magnoliopsida (51). Its composition is dominated by leaves, fruits and pollen of Carya; there are also in noticeable quantities of remains of Cotinus leaves and other deciduous species from the Ulmaceae, Betulaceae etc. (leaves and pollen). In addition to systematic data, the characteristics of vegetation and climate are also presented. The data obtained indicate a significant difference in the composition of this flora from coeval Kazakhstan floras and designate the studied flora as one of the most ancient palaeofloras of the Turgai type, which by the beginning of the Miocene had already spread throughout the entire Northern Hemisphere. Climatic changes on the territory of Kazakhstan during the first half of the Oligocene were insignificant, with a slight tendency to cooling. At the same time, the climate was much warmer and more humid compared to modern conditions, which made it possible for forests to exist where there is now almost no forest.
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