Late outcome of surgical treatment of the non-specific neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome

Abstract

Objective: Despite the relatively high incidence of the thoracic outlet syndrome, diagnostic criteria, role of surgery and optimal operative approach remain controversial. The main goal of the current study is to determine the long-term outcome of operative treatment of a series of patients with non-specific neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome.Methods: A retrospective study of a consecutive group of patients with thoracic outlet syndrome was carried out. The indications for surgery relied on clinical examination. Patients with diffuse pain were excluded. In all cases, the supraclavicular approach was used. Main outcome measures were neurological status and subjective complains.Results: Nineteen patients have been operated over a period of 5 years. Total number of surgeries was 23. Pain and paresthesia on exertion were the leading symptoms in all cases. The causes of thoracic outlet syndrome were fibromuscular compression in 43·5%, cervical rib alone or in combination with a fibromuscular component in 30·4% and the first rib in 26·1%. The average follow-up was 36·3 months. In 91·7%, improvement of at least 50% was observed; 20·8% of the patients were completely symptom-free, and in 25%, the improvement was 90%. Recovery of the pre-operative motor weakness was recorded in 66·6%. The mortality and the permanent morbidity rates of the procedure were 0%.Discussion: Operative decompression of the brachial plexus via the supraclavicular approach in patients with non-specific neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome is a safe procedure that leads to a significant neurological improvement and amelioration of complains. The indication for surgery should be based chiefly on the neurological and clinical findings.