Abstract
Posterior urethral valve (PUV) is one of the most common causes of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in the fetus. It is diagnosed on antenatal ultrasound by the presence of distended urinary bladder with bilateral hydroureteronephrosis. In males, the most common cause of BOO is PUV; while in females, common causes are urethral atresia, cloacal plate anomalies or megacystis microcolon syndrome. The reported incidence is approximately 2 out of 10,000 births. The severity of prenatal BOO ranges from mild to severe. Severe long standing BOO is associated with cystic renal dysplasia, abnormal renal (glomerular and tubular) function leading to oligohydramnios. Untreated cases are associated with higher mortality due to pulmonary hypoplasia secondary to severe oligohydramnios. Those who survive into the neonatal
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