Late growth of infantile hemangiomas in children >3 years of age: A retrospective study

Abstract

The proliferative phase of infantile hemangiomas (IHs) is usually complete by 9months of life. Late growth beyond age 3years is rarely reported. To describe the demographic and clinic characteristics of a cohort of patients with late growth of IH, defined as growth in a patient >3years of age. A multicenter, retrospective cohort study. In total, 59 patients, 85% of which were female, met the inclusion criteria. The mean first episode of late growth was 4.3 (range 3-8.5) years. Head and neck location (55/59; 93%) and presence of deep hemangioma (52/59; 88%) were common characteristics. Posterior fossa malformations, hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, cardiac defects, eye abnormalities (PHACE) syndrome was noted in 20 of 38 (53%) children with segmental facial IH. Systemic therapy (corticosteroid or β-blocker) was given during infancy in 58 of 59 (98%) and 24 of 59 (41%) received systemic therapy (β-blockers) for late IH growth. The retrospective nature and ascertainment by investigator recall are limitations of the study. Late IH growth can occur in children after 3years of age. Risk factors include head and neck location, segmental morphology, and involvement of deep dermal/subcutaneous tissues.