Late Growth and Changes in Body Composition Influence Odds of Developing Retinopathy of Prematurity among Preterm Infants.

Ellen C Ingolfsland,Sixto F Guiang,Sara E Ramel,Ellen W Demarath,Jacob L Haapala,Lauren A Buckley

doi:10.3390/nu12010078

Ellen C Ingolfsland, Sixto F Guiang + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010078

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Journal: Nutrients	Publication Date: Dec 27, 2019
Citations: 5	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University of Minnesota

Abstract

Background: While postnatal growth in the first month of life is known to impact retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) risk, the impact of growth later in hospitalization, during critical times of retinal vascularization, remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess if postnatal growth and body composition during the second half of neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization were associated with severity of retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight preterm infants. Methods: Prospective observational pilot study of 83 infants born <32 weeks gestation and <1500 g, conducted at a Level IV neonatal intensive care unit. Body composition was measured during the second half of hospitalization. Infants were evaluated for retinopathy of prematurity. Logistic regression was performed. Results: Greater gains in fat mass, fat-free mass, and percent body fat from 32 to 37 weeks postmenstrual age and higher % body fat at term postmenstrual age were associated with decreased odds of ≥stage 2 retinopathy of prematurity (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Improved growth later in neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization and increased adiposity at term may reduce odds of severe retinopathy of prematurity.

Highlights

Retinopathy of prematurity remains a significant cause of childhood blindness worldwide, and with the improving survival of preterm infants, the prevalence is likely to increase [1]
Thirty-eight patients had insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and adiponectin measured at 7 days and 35 weeks postmenstrual age
One additional patient had retinopathy of prematurity exams and growth factor measurements but was unable to tolerate inpatient body composition measurements due to severity of lung disease; this subject was included in the analysis of growth factors and retinopathy of prematurity severity but not in the analysis of body composition and retinopathy of prematurity severity

Summary

Introduction

Retinopathy of prematurity remains a significant cause of childhood blindness worldwide, and with the improving survival of preterm infants, the prevalence is likely to increase [1]. This signifies the need for a better understanding of retinopathy of prematurity pathogenesis. While postnatal growth in the first month of life is known to impact retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) risk, the impact of growth later in hospitalization, during critical times of retinal vascularization, remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess if postnatal growth and body composition during the second half of neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization were associated with severity of retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight preterm infants

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