Late Effects of Early Surgery on Lipoma and Lipomeningocele in Children Less Than 1 Year Old

Abstract

We attempted to assess the usefulness of urodynamic testing for diagnosing lipoma and lipomeningocele, and the late effects of early neurosurgical intervention in children less than 1 year old. A total of 28 patients in whom spinal surgery was performed before age 1 year for correcting lipoma and lipomeningocele underwent neurological and urodynamic evaluation preoperatively, and within 3 months and up to 14.5 years postoperatively. Preoperatively 15 patients (54%) had an abnormal neurological examination and 7 had an abnormal urodynamic study. Of the 13 patients with a normal neurological examination 3 had an abnormal urodynamic study. Overall 10 patients (37%) had an abnormal urodynamic examination preoperatively. Immediately after surgery 8 patients (29%) had improvement (2 of 15 with an abnormal neurological examination and 6 of 10 with an abnormal urodynamic study), whereas the condition of 9 (32%) worsened, including 4 of the 13 who were neurologically and 6 of the 18 who were urodynamically normal (1 in both categories). With time an additional 7 patients (25%) had progressive deterioration, including 6 urodynamically and 5 neurologically (4 in both categories), 2 (7%) had improvement (1 each urodynamically and neurologically) and the condition of 19 (68%) remained stable. Six patients (21%) underwent secondary spinal surgery for recurrent tethering. Early surgical repair seems to provide a degree of protection against later spinal cord tethering, and subsequent neurological and/or urodynamic deterioration (25% of our patients versus a reported 80% of those followed expectantly).