Abstract
Overall survival for all childhood cancers has substantially increased with nearly 80 % of children surviving to five years following diagnosis, compared with 30 % 50 years ago. Unfortunately this comes at a cost; the overall Standardised Mortality Ratio (SMR) was 8.4 for childhood cancer survivors compared with the general population and increases in cause-specific mortality were seen for deaths due to second malignancy and cardiotoxicity. The incidence of chronic morbidities in the US Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) cohort was 62.3 % after follow-up for 26.6 years. While many children will escape these organ toxicities, a significant proportion will require surveillance and management of treatment morbidities. It is the responsibility of those who treat childhood cancer to understand the effects of treatment and provide effective services to maximise the potential of these young people.
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