Late Chronotype is Associated with Adolescent Asthma: Assessment Using the Korean-Version MCTQ.

Chang Hoon Han,Jaeho Chung

doi:10.3390/ijerph17093000

Abstract

Objectives: In the study, we explored whether sleep chronotypes are associated with asthma in adolescents. Methods: We analyzed 24,655 physician-diagnosed adolescent asthmatic patients and 253,775 non-asthmatic adolescent patients from the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS). Socioeconomic factors, health behaviors factors, psychological factors, and sleep parameters were assessed using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ). Logistic regression after adjusting for multiple confounders was used to explore the association between sleep chronotype and asthma. Results: The asthmatic adolescent group slept less (≤5 h: 24.3% vs. 23.2%) than the non-asthmatic adolescent group. Mean sleep duration (430.6 ± 95.6 vs. 433.5 ± 93.6 min), midpoint of sleep on school-free days (MSF; 255.9 ± 75.9 vs. 258.3 ± 73.6 min), midpoint of sleep on school days (MSW; 199.1 ± 49.1 vs. 200.1 ± 48.4 min), sleep duration on school days (SDW; 398.2 ± 98.1 vs. 400.2 ± 96.8 min), and sleep duration on school-free days (SDF; 511.8 ± 151.9 vs. 516.7 ± 147.2 min) were significantly lower, sleep satisfaction was significantly poorer (low sleep satisfaction: 41.3% vs. 37.5%), and late chronotype was significantly higher in the asthmatic adolescent (21.1% vs. 20.0%). After adjusting for multiple confounders, late chronotype was significantly associated with an increased frequency of adolescent asthma (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01–1.09) compared to intermediate chronotypes. Conclusions: Although our study shows a very modest association (OR of 1.05 in the fully adjusted model), we show that the late sleep chronotype is associated with asthma in adolescents in South Korea.

Highlights

Individuals differ in terms of the times at which they go to sleep and wake up, and can be classified based on their diurnal type as “early birds” or “night owls”(evening types)
Chronotypes can be evaluated in several ways, including using the Morning–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and the Munich Chronotype
We explore the sleep chronotype of asthmatic and non-asthmatic adolescent patients and analyze whether there is an association between sleep chronotype and adolescent asthma based on nationally representative, school-based self-reported data on Korean adolescents

Summary

Introduction

Individuals differ in terms of the times at which they go to sleep and wake up, and can be classified based on their diurnal type (chronotype) as “early birds” (morning types) or “night owls”(evening types). Individuals differ in terms of the times at which they go to sleep and wake up, and can be classified based on their diurnal type (chronotype) as “early birds” (morning types) or “night owls”. Individuals with sleep patterns between the two types are classified as intermediate. The chronotype reflects individual sleep time preference. Chronotypes can be evaluated in several ways, including using the Morning–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and the Munich Chronotype. Questionnaire (MCTQ); the Korean versions of these instruments have been validated [1]. Previous reports have shown that chronotype is associated with sex [3], age [4], education level [5], area of residence (urban or rural) [6], physical activity [7], smoking [8], and alcohol use [9]. Previous reports have demonstrated that certain chronotypes, the evening type, are associated with

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Discussion

Conclusion