Abstract
Fabaceae is one of the most diverse angiosperm families and is distributed across the globe in a variety of environments. The earliest evidence of the family, previous to this work, was from Paleogene sediments where it was found to be diverse in many fossil assemblages around the world. Here, we describe a fossil legume fruit from the Olmos Formation (upper Campanian) in northern Mexico. We designated the fossil fruit as Leguminocarpum olmensis Centeno-González, Martínez-Cabrera, Porras-Múzquiz et Estrada-Ruiz sp. nov., and related it with the Fabaceae family based on the presence of a dehiscent pod with two valves, an apex bearing stylar base, short stipe, and reticulated veins in the pericarp. We propose a new fossil species of Leguminocarpum for this fossil fruit. This fossil provides critical information on the long geologic history of Leguminosae around the world, significantly extending the record into the Cretaceous of Mexico.
Highlights
Fabaceae is one of the most diverse angiosperm families and is distributed across the globe in a variety of environments
We described a fossil fruit of a legume from the upper Campanian in northern Mexico
The specific epithet refers to the Olmos Formation, where the fossil was collected
Summary
Fabaceae is one of the most diverse angiosperm families and is distributed across the globe in a variety of environments. Asymmetric, curved shape; 3–4 times longer than wide; apex rounded, right angled, bearing a stylar base; base rounded to tapered, right-angled; short stipe; compressed; dehiscent along both sutures; without visible chambers, epicarp glabrous, reticulated veins, with ribs; wingless. Despite these general similarities in shape and apex, the globose valves fruits, and the dehiscence along one suture prevents the inclusion of the fossil in the family.
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