Abstract
SummaryDown syndrome is caused by a trisomy of chromosome 21 and is associated with central auditory processing deficit, learning disability and, probably, early-onset Alzheimer's disease.Aimto evaluate the latencies and amplitudes of evoked late auditory potential related to P300 events and their changes in young adults with Down's syndrome.Materials and MethodProspective case study. P300 test latency and amplitudes were evaluated in 17 individuals with Down's syndrome and 34 healthy individuals.ResultsThe P300 latency (N1, P2, N2 and P3) was longer and the N2-P3 amplitude was lower in individuals with Down syndrome when compared to those in the control group.ConclusionIn young adults with Down syndrome, N1, P2, N2 and P3 latencies of late auditory evoked potential related to P300 events were prolonged, and N2 - P3 amplitudes were significantly reduced, suggesting integration impairment between the auditory association area and cortical and subcortical areas of the central nervous system.
Highlights
Langdon Down described Down’s syndrome, or the chromosome 21 trisomy, over a century ago; it is considered the most common genetic cause of mental retardation.[1]
The long latency event-related evoked potential (P300) is associated with cognition;[7] it is generated when a random infrequent stimulus is detected among a series of frequent stimuli.[7,8,9]
Parents or caretakers of the subjects were informed of the study procedures and signed a free informed consent form for P300 to be done on the patients
Summary
Langdon Down described Down’s syndrome, or the chromosome 21 trisomy, over a century ago; it is considered the most common genetic cause of mental retardation.[1] The typical chromosomal changes in this syndrome comprise a homogeneous group[2] that makes it easy to understand the findings. Diffuse injury or dysfunction in certain central areas,[3] failure in habituation mechanisms,[4] poor central inhibition of afferent stimuli,[5] or cognition disorders[6] may give rise to decreased brain electrical activity in Down’s syndrome. The long latency event-related evoked potential (P300) is associated with cognition;[7] it is generated when a random infrequent stimulus is detected among a series of frequent stimuli.[7,8,9] The parameters assessed are latency and amplitude. Wave N2 is associated with decision-making or discrimination of stimuli;[11] absent N2 and P3 waves suggest more severe involvement, such as pre-senile or senile dementia.[12]
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