Latanoprost Stimulates Ocular Lymphatic Drainage: An In Vivo Nanotracer Study

Abstract

Ocular lymphatics have been recently shown to contribute to aqueous humor outflow. It is not yet known whether lymphatic outflow can be stimulated by pharmacological agents. Here we determine whether latanoprost, a prostaglandin F2 alpha analog commonly used to lower IOP to treat glaucoma, increases lymphatic drainage from the eye. Lymphatic drainage in mice was assessed in vivo, in 11 latanoprost-treated and 11 control animals using hyperspectral imaging at multiple times following quantum dot (QD) injection into the eye. QD signal intensity was also measured in tissue sections using hyperspectral imaging. In the latanoprost-treated group, lymphatic drainage rate into the submandibular lymph node was increased compared with controls (1.23 ± 1.06 hours-1 vs. 0.30 ± 0.17 hours-1, mean ± SD, P < 0.02). Total QD signal intensity in the submandibular lymph node was greater in the latanoprost-treated group compared with controls (10.55 ± 1.12 vs. 9.48 ± 1.24, log scale, P < 0.05). This is the first evidence that latanoprost increases lymphatic drainage from the eye. The pharmacological manipulation of this newly identified lymphatic outflow pathway may be relevant to treatments aimed at lowering intraocular pressure in glaucoma. This is the first evidence that a prostaglandin drug widely prescribed for glaucoma, enhances lymphatic drainage from the eye. The pharmacological stimulation of this newly identified outflow pathway may be highly relevant to treatments aimed at lowering IOP to prevent blindness from glaucoma.