Last Word: Point:Counterpoint author responds to commentaries on “Active venoconstriction is/is not important in maintaining or raising end-diastolic volume and stroke volume during exercise and orthostasis”

Abstract

To the Editor : Hainsworth and Drinkhill ([1][1]) and I ([4][2]) agree that active venoconstriction is real and that more research is needed to define its role in humans. I suggest, however, that the sympathetic activity data from humans with acute myocardial infarction ([1][1], [1a][3]) cannot be