Abstract
We will discuss two kinds of exceptional points of degeneracy in waveguides and their respective application in lasers. Such exceptional points occur in waveguides with balanced loss and gain (e.g., PT symmetry), and in waveguides without loss and gain (e.g., periodic Si waveguides). Waveguides with such exceptional points have a strong degeneracy of their wavenumbers and polarization states that enables specific wave physics, only found in these degenerate systems. We will discuss advantages and disadvantages of both concepts to conceive laser regimes, related to high power, high spectral purity, high efficiency, etc, and show some realistic designs involving Si ridge waveguides.
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