Abstract
A simple closed-form formula is obtained for the transition probability of a two-state atom in a Gaussian laser pulse. The validity of the formula is tested by comparison with numerical results. The analytic formula is applicable over a wide range of the laser intensities, detunings and pulse durations. Particularly, it can be used for calculation of excitation probability when the Rabi frequency is of the order of or larger than a frequency associated with the pulse duration.
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