Abstract
Aims: This in vitro study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the effect of acid etching and/or diode laser (1064 nm) irradiation on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Materials and Methods: Thirty freshly extracted human premolars were included in this study. Laser irradiation was done by using the new 1064 nm diode laser with output power of 2.5 Watt in continues mode, also use stainless steel orthodontic brackets (Roth, 22–slot size), and use orthodontic flowable composite resin which needs no bonding fluid. The 30 human teeth were divided into 3 groups (each group consist of 10 teeth): Group A–use acid etching (37% phosphoric acid) for 1 minute to bond bracket to tooth surface (control group), group B–use laser irradiation for 30 seconds with Indian ink (coated on teeth). Group C–use laser irradiation for 30 seconds with Indian ink after that use acid etching for 1 minute. Shear bond strength measured by using unconfined shear testing machine at a cross head speed of 5 mm/min. Results: The shear bond strength means were as follows: Group A: 11.27 MPa, group B: 6.21 MPa, group C: 14.04 MPa. The acid etching after 1064 nm diode laser irradiation (group C) has significantly higher bond strength (p 0.05) than remaining groups. In group B, orthodontic brackets had significantly lower shear bond strength (p 0.05) than remaining groups. Conclusions: These results indicate that acid etching after laser irradiation enhances and improves the bonding of orthodontic composite resin to human enamel. In the same time 1064 nm diode laser irradiation with ink coating is not consider as a replacement to acid etching in bonding of orthodontic brackets to human enamel.
Highlights
This in vitro study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the effect of acid etching and/or diode laser (1064 nm) irradiation on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets
In group B, orthodontic brackets had significantly lower shear bond strength (p 0.05) than remaining groups. These results indicate that acid etching after laser irradiation enhances and improves the bonding of orthodontic composite resin to human enamel
The criteria for tooth selection included intact buccal surface with no caries, cracks, restorations and not subjected to any pretreatment with chemical agents, the teeth were stored in distilled water at room temperature.[11, 12] The teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups: Group A–control group: Use acid etching (37% phosphoric acid), coated on tooth surface for 1 minute, apply orthodontic composite resin which need no fluid bonding agent (Vivadent Heliosit flowable orthodontic composite) on orthodontic bracket base attached on etched, dry tooth surface, composite resin polymerized using light cure unit
Summary
Aims: This in vitro study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the effect of acid etching and/or diode laser (1064 nm) irradiation on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Conclusions: These results indicate that acid etching after laser irradiation enhances and improves the bonding of orthodontic composite resin to human enamel. In the same time 1064 nm diode laser irradiation with ink coating is not consider as a replacement to acid etching in bonding of orthodontic brackets to human enamel. A much finer network of thousands of smaller tags form across the end of each rod where individual hydroxyl apatite crystals have been dissolved, leaving crypts outlined by residual organic material. With the new technology a semiconductor medium (diode) can produce laser with the same wavelength (1064 nm) and same properties which is dramatically smaller, more efficient, longer pulse duration and more control output power
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