Abstract
The normal appearance of the gingiva is pink to light red, and this appearance may change due to many factors and might be noticeable causing aesthetic concerns. In the Gulf area, the gingival melanin pigmentation is of the main type of concern, and patients expect the pigmentation to be removed for aesthetic reasons. Many techniques have been used to remove the melanin pigmentation such as using surgical blades, diamond or ceramic burs, chemicals, and lasers. This study is comparing the results of three lasers (Er, Cr, YSGG 2780 nm, Diode 940 nm, and 445 nm) in the removal of melanin gingival depigmentation. Clinical outcome parameters including bleeding, wound healing, pain, duration of procedure, color improvement, patient satisfaction, and relapse rate after 2 years were assessed. Conclusion. Within the limitation of this study, all three wavelengths were fast, effective in peeling the pigmentations and well tolerated by the patients. The esthetical results were excellent, and the patients were highly satisfied. Suggestion. To have a bigger number of samples in future papers, and histological studies might be included to explore the different impacts of each wavelength on the gingival melanin pigmentation specifically and on the gingival tissue generally.
Highlights
Pigmentations of oral soft tissues for patients is dominantly an aesthetic problem as lifestyle, media, social, and community influence can affect people’s perception of beauty, which has a big impact on the person’s self-confidence and could affect their social interaction and careers
Cross tabulation showed that 90% of the patients treated with the diode 940 nm had no bleeding after the surgery comparing to only 10% experienced mild bleeding, followed by 80% treated with the diode 445 nm, while only 20% reported with mild bleeding; on the other hand, 50% of the patients revealed no bleeding after the procedure with Er, Cr, YSGG 2780 nm, while 40% had mild bleeding and 10% showed moderate bleeding after the surgery, but statistically there is no difference between the groups (P < 0.102)
Previous studies were used to evaluate the effect of laser gingival depigmentation using different parameters, techniques, and even different lasers and tools
Summary
E duration needed to complete the procedures using the three laser units is shown in Table 1 and Figure 4. Bleeding during the treatment for the three groups is presented in Table 2 and Figure 5. E number of healed cases that has been scored 10 days after treatments is shown in Table 3 and Figure 6. Revealed that more than two-third in all groups had complete healing 10 days following the treatment (90%, 70%, and 80%, respectively) with no significant differences between the groups (P < 0.547). E current study revealed that color improvement within group 1 was the highest (80%) followed by group 3 (60%) and the least was group 2 (50%); yet, there was no statistically significant difference between groups (P < 0.379)
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