Abstract
(1) Background: The treatment of the peri-implantitis is still challenging, and no consensus was found in the literature on which is the best treatment protocol. In recent years, numerous authors have proposed the use of the dental laser as an alternative and effective method for decontaminating the surface of infected implants. Therefore, the aim of this work was to examine the state-of-the-art on the use of lasers in the treatment of peri-implantitis through the literature. (2) Methods: An electronic search was conducted through the PubMed database; we selected and reviewed articles that evaluated the effects of laser irradiation in the treatment of peri-implantitis. (3) Results: The use of lasers seems to provide similar results if compared with conventional mechanical therapy. The included studies were divided into three groups based on the active medium of the laser used for the treatments being tested (Erbium: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet, CO2 and diode laser). (4) Conclusions: The lasers showed positive results, on average, after 6 months of follow-up. Comparative clinical trials conducted with the aim to test the efficiency of laser irradiation, in addition to conventional therapy, indicate that this technique can induce similar results if compared to conventional therapy alone.
Highlights
Dental Implantology is, nowadays, a technique with highly predictable results and, for this reason, represents a preponderant part of the range of therapeutic alternatives in the treatment of partially and totally edentulous patients [1].The application of implant-supported prosthetics in dentistry began towards the end of the 1980s, even if their technical development occurred at the beginning of 1960, when Branemarck’s group introduced new and revolutionary concepts deriving from the knowledge of the biological phenomena that occurred in the interface between bone and implant
Among the various decontamination protocols proposed, those that involve the use of lasers seem to provide no statistically significant differences, in terms of Periodontal probing depth (PPD) reduction and clinical attachment level (CAL) gain, if compared with conventional mechanical therapy
After examining the full-text articles, we found that 36/60 met the inclusion criteria, and they were chosen to be included in this review (Figure 1)
Summary
Dental Implantology is, nowadays, a technique with highly predictable results and, for this reason, represents a preponderant part of the range of therapeutic alternatives in the treatment of partially and totally edentulous patients [1].The application of implant-supported prosthetics in dentistry began towards the end of the 1980s, even if their technical development occurred at the beginning of 1960, when Branemarck’s group introduced new and revolutionary concepts deriving from the knowledge of the biological phenomena that occurred in the interface between bone and implant. The term of osseointegration was introduced to define the formation of strict and functional link between bone and implant fixture, subjected to prosthetic loading, without connective tissue interposition [2]. Dental implants over time can present pathological changes in the surrounding tissues, which can cause osseointegration defects. These pathological conditions, indicated by the term “mucositis” and “peri-implantitis”. A bad balance between pathogenic bacterial load and host response could trigger an inflammatory cascade that would first affect the superficial peri-implant soft tissues (mucositis) and progress into the deep layers, with a loss of implant support bone which can be clinically and radiologically highlighted (peri-implantitis) [3]
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