Laser synthesis of nanomaterials to create a new family of electrochemical microbiosensors

Abstract

A brief review of modern methods for creating materials for enzymeless microbiosensors intended for express analysis of the content of components of biological fluids, including human blood, has been made. New directions of the synthesis of such materials have been described: laser ablation (PLD) and laser-induced deposition (LCLD). The comparison of laser methods for the synthesis of materials of non-enzymatic microbiosensors with the known methods for creating nanostructured materials has been carried out. Using bimetallic LCLD microtracks as an example, the mechanism of enhancing the electrochemical response of the sensor to the content of glucose and hydrogen peroxide in complex organic and biological mixtures has been shown. It is associated with the creation of nano- and microstructured materials with a highly developed surface, on which there are extended boundaries of the interphase contact zones. This creates numerous activated acid-base centers. They facilitate the transfer of charge from the oxidizing agent to the reducing agent in the solution in contact with the sensor surface. A comparison of the sensory properties of microcomposite bimetallic deposits synthesized by the laser method and their analogs synthesized by traditional methods has been carried out. The advantages of laser methods for the synthesis of microcomposite sensor-active materials are discussed: the miniature size of the sensors, the possibility of using inexpensive metals instead of precious ones, the environmental friendliness of the methods, and the absence of the need to pre-activate the surface