Abstract

In this work, we report the development of highly active Pd nanoparticle catalysts encapsulated within novel carbonaceous and N-doped carbonaceous TiO2 support nanomaterials for C–C cross-coupling reactions. The support materials are generated, for the first time, via the laser-vaporization-controlled condensation (LVCC) of Ti and amino-functionalized Ti metal–organic frameworks (MOFs): MIL-125(Ti) and NH2-MIL-125(Ti). Ultrasmall crystalline anatase phases with a small fraction of the rutile phase of TiO2 nanoparticles are well dispersed within C and N-doped C spheres, resulting in improved supports for the Pd nanocatalysts. The Pd nanoparticles are generated by the photocatalytic reduction of Pd4+ ions in aqueous solutions containing the MOF-derived carbonaceous or N-doped carbonaceous TiO2 nanostructures using pulsed-laser irradiation without any chemical reducing agents or surface capping materials. The laser photoreduction of the Pd ions is accompanied by oxidative etching of the C spheres, resulting ...

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